Results support the notion that DF and DB are differing constructs, as well as highlighting the importance of controlling for cognitive ability in consideration of group differences on behavioral measures. (They are riot included in the IQ scores in the present study.) In FDS the tester reads aloud digit series of from three to nine digits, paced at 1 second per digit, and the child is asked to repeat the series. When only children with ADHD were considered, DF no longer was a significant predictor. The tests for forward digit span and backward digit span arc supplementary subscales of the WISC-R. Regression analyses indicated that Full Scale IQ explained significant variance in parent ratings of attention and executive function DF emerged as a significant predictor only for one measure of attention. Once cognitive ability was controlled, no group differences emerged for Digit Span or digits forward notably, the ADHD-Predominantly Inattentive group was able to recall significantly more digits backward than the ADHD-Combined Type group. The Reliable Digit Span (RDS) score, as it has come to be called, is calculated by summing the longest forward and backward digit string recalled without. Clinical groups differed from the No Diagnosis group on cognitive ability as well as achievement. The sample (n=90) included children with no diagnosis and children with a range of clinical problems, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study examined the extent to which digits forward (DF) or digits backward (DB) account for variance in parent ratings of attention and executive function in children.
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